Winter in Canada is a season of stunning beauty, with snow-covered landscapes and icy lakes.
However, it also presents unique challenges for drivers.
With icy roads, heavy snowfall, and freezing temperatures, winter driving can be treacherous and requires extra caution.
According to the Canadian government, winter-related road accidents spike during the colder months, making it crucial for drivers to adopt safe driving habits.
In this article, we’ll explore key winter driving tips that will help you stay safe on the road and avoid accidents during Canada’s coldest season.
1. Install Winter Tires
One of the most critical steps in preparing your vehicle for winter is installing winter tires.
Winter tires are specifically designed to handle cold temperatures, snow, ice, and slush.
Their deeper treads and specialized rubber compounds provide better traction on slippery surfaces, helping you maintain control of your vehicle.
A. Why Winter Tires Are Essential
– Better Traction: Winter tires offer superior grip on icy and snowy roads, reducing the risk of skidding.
– Shorter Braking Distance: On icy surfaces, winter tires can reduce your braking distance by as much as 25%.
– Legal Requirements: In provinces like Quebec, winter tires are mandatory between December 1 and March 15. Other provinces, such as British Columbia, also have regions where winter tires are required.
B. When to Install Winter Tires
Winter tires should be installed when the temperature consistently drops below 7°C, as all-season tires lose their effectiveness in colder conditions.
2. Check Your Car’s Fluids
Before hitting the road in winter, ensure that all your car’s fluids are properly maintained.
Cold temperatures can cause engine oil and other fluids to thicken, which can impact your vehicle’s performance.
A. Engine Oil
Using the right type of engine oil is essential for winter driving. In colder temperatures, thinner oil flows more easily through the engine, so check your car’s manual to see if you should switch to a winter-grade oil.
B. Coolant (Antifreeze)
Ensure your car has the right mixture of antifreeze and water (typically 50/50) to prevent the engine from freezing. Have a mechanic check your coolant levels and the condition of the cooling system.
C. Windshield Washer Fluid
Use winter-grade windshield washer fluid, which is designed to withstand freezing temperatures. Standard washer fluid may freeze in the lines or on your windshield, obstructing your view. Always carry an extra jug in your car.
3. Keep Your Windshield Clear
Visibility is critical in winter driving, and a fogged-up or snow-covered windshield can severely impair your ability to see the road.
There are several ways to ensure your windshield stays clear.
A. Use a High-Quality Ice Scraper
Always keep an ice scraper and snowbrush in your car.
Before starting your journey, thoroughly clear your windshield, windows, and mirrors of snow and ice.
Driving with snow-covered windows is not only dangerous but also illegal in many Canadian provinces.
B. Defrost Your Windows
Turn on your car’s defrost settings before driving. Warm air will help clear fog and ice from the windshield. Make sure the air is circulating inside the car to prevent condensation on the windows.
C. Replace Windshield Wipers
Worn-out wipers can streak across the glass, making it difficult to see. Consider replacing your windshield wipers with winter wiper blades, which are designed to withstand icy conditions.
4. Maintain A Safe Following Distance
In winter conditions, stopping distances can be significantly longer due to ice and snow on the roads.
Maintaining a safe following distance is essential to avoid rear-end collisions.
A. Follow the 3-Second Rule
Under normal driving conditions, the 3-second rule helps ensure you’re maintaining a safe distance between you and the vehicle in front of you. In winter, double or even triple that time. This extra distance allows you more time to react if the car in front of you stops suddenly or loses control.
B. Brake Gently
Sudden braking on icy roads can cause your car to skid. Instead, brake gently and early, giving your car more time to come to a controlled stop. If your car has an anti-lock braking system (ABS), use steady pressure on the brakes and allow the system to work.
5. Slow Down And Drive Defensively
Speeding is one of the leading causes of accidents during winter.
Slippery conditions can make it difficult to control your vehicle, especially at higher speeds.
A. Reduce Your Speed
Even if the road appears clear, black ice or packed snow can make it dangerously slick. Always drive slower than the posted speed limit when conditions are poor. Remember, it’s better to arrive late than not at all.
B. Be Cautious Around Intersections
Intersections are particularly hazardous in winter because vehicles often compact snow, turning it into ice. Approach intersections cautiously, braking early and avoiding sudden movements.
C. Watch for Other Drivers
Winter conditions affect everyone differently, and not all drivers will take the necessary precautions. Stay alert and give other drivers plenty of room, especially those who are speeding or driving erratically.
6. Prepare For Emergencies
Even with the best preparation, you may still encounter an emergency while driving in winter.
Being prepared can make all the difference in a crisis.
A. Pack a Winter Survival Kit
Every Canadian driver should keep a winter survival kit in their car. Essential items include:
– Blanket and warm clothing
– Non-perishable food and water
– First aid kit
– Flashlight and extra batteries
– Ice scraper and snow brush
– Jumper cables
– Portable phone charger
– Shovel and traction aids (sand or kitty litter)
B. What to Do if You’re Stranded
If you get stuck in a snowstorm or your car breaks down, stay in your vehicle.
It provides shelter and makes it easier for rescuers to find you.
Keep your exhaust pipe clear of snow to prevent carbon monoxide buildup inside the car.
Run the engine sparingly to conserve fuel and stay warm.
7. Know How To Handle A Skid
Skidding is one of the most frightening experiences on icy roads, but knowing how to react can prevent an accident.
A. Don’t Panic
When you feel your car start to skid, resist the urge to slam on the brakes. Instead, take your foot off the accelerator.
B. Steer into the Skid
Turn your steering wheel in the direction you want the front of the car to go. If your rear wheels are sliding to the left, steer left. If they’re sliding to the right, steer right. This will help you regain control of the vehicle.
8. Use Your Headlights
In low-visibility conditions, such as heavy snowfall or fog, always turn on your headlights.
It’s not just about seeing the road—it’s about making sure other drivers can see you.
Use your low beams, as high beams can reflect off the snow and reduce your visibility.
Staying Safe In Slippery Situations
Winter driving in Canada can be challenging, but with the right preparation and driving habits, you can stay safe on the roads.
By installing winter tires, maintaining your vehicle, driving cautiously, and packing a winter emergency kit, you’ll be ready to face whatever winter throws your way.
Stay alert, stay patient, and remember that defensive driving is your best protection against accidents during the cold months.
Stay safe out there!